一、语法易错点
1.a,an的选择:元音音素开头的单词用an,辅音音素开头的单词用a.
2.am,is,are的选择:单数用is,复数用are.I用am,you用are.
3.have,has的选择:表示某人有某物.单数用has,复数用have.I,you用have.
4.there is,there are的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is,复数用there are.
5.some,any的选择:肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.
6.疑问词的选择:what(什么)who(谁)where(哪里)whose(谁的)why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old(多大)how many(多少)how much(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么+动词be(am,is,are)+形容词比较级+than(比)+什么,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you.(我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
①一般的直接在词尾加er,如tall-taller,strong-stronger,
②以e结尾的,直接加r,如fine–finer,
③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny-funnier
④双写较后的字母再加er,如big–bigger,thin–thinner,hot–hotter
☆注意☆
比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours.或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:动词过去式
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A,规则动词
①一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked,learned,cleaned,visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived,danced,used
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study–studied carry–carried worry–worried(注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④双写较后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go-went,take-took,buy-bought,get-got,read-read,fly-flew,am/is-was,
are-were,say-said,leave-left,swim-swam,tell-told,draw-drew,come-came,lose-lost,find-found,drink-drank,hurt-hurt,feel-felt
四:动词现在分词详解
①一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating
②以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having,writing
③双写较后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting
五、人称代词主格及宾格
人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格区别：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"--me(宾格)"我"
主格在陈述句中通常放句首，宾格通常放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。
Eg:I have a new car.(I主格)
Excuse me(me宾格)
I ask him to go(him宾格)
They sit in front of me(me宾格)
主格(8个)：I我you你he他she她it它we我们you你们they他(她、它)们
宾格(8个)：me我you你him他her她it它us我们you你们them他(她、它)们
六:句型专项归类
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not(doesn't)work in a hospital.
There are not(aren't)four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆小结:
否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词"not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't,doesn't,didn't).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".
3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student？Yes,I amNo,I'm not.
Is she a doctor？Yes,she is.No,she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital？Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?Yes,I did./No,I didn't.
☆注意☆小结:
一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的较好个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes,no"来回答.如:
What is this？
Where are you going？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？
When do you usually get up？
Why do you like spring best？
How are you？
☆注意☆小结:
其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少(数量)),how much(多少(钱)),how tall(多高),how long(多长),how big(多大),how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have？
How many girls can you see？
how many用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种搭配,
How many+名词复数+do you have你有多少……
How many+名词复数+can you see你能看见多少……
How many+名词复数+are there…有多少……
七:完全,缩略形式
1、简缩形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，通常是元音字母变成'但are除外，are要把a打成'。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。
3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时，一定要注意较好个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is=What's
4、记住一个特殊变化;let's=let us让我们(不要把'变成i)
5、记住：this is没有简缩形式this's(错误)
6.常见的缩略形式：
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is
they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not
doesn't=does not isn't=is not
aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will
wasn't=was not
